NSC's Research & Statistical Services Department prepares an annual bulletin to help you estimate the costs associated with unintentional injuries. It is intended to be used by communities to estimate their costs. It contains estimates of the per-case costs of fatal and nonfatal injuries in each of the four classes (Work, Motor-Vehicle, Home and Public) The bulletin is called Estimating the Costs of Unintentional Injuries and is updated each year, usually in February. All of the National Safety Council's cost estimates are available in the 2010 edition of Injury Facts
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The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) publishes average incidence rates for injuries and illnesses by NAICS code. Quartile incidence rates by industry and size of establishment are also published. All of these rates and other data from the Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses and the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries may be found at Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. Injury and illness frequency data and incidence rates from the BLS for selected industries are also published in Injury Facts®.
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A procedure to benchmark against national average incidence rates is given in the 2010 edition of Injury Facts® on pages 62 and 63 Also see the question on Occupational Injury and Illness Incidence Rates.
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In terms of death rates by industries, the agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting industry topped the death rates in 2008 with 29.0 fatalities per 100,000 workers, beating mining with 21.1, transportation and warehousing with 13.0, and construction with 8.9. However, between 1912 and 2001, unintentional work deaths per 100,000 population were reduced 90%. See page 52 in the 2010 edition of Injury Facts®.
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“Off-the-job” injuries are injuries that involve employed people when they are not working. For example, a restaurant cook cuts his hand on a knife\ while fixing dinner at home or a truck driver who slides off an icy road while driving his car to work, hits a tree, and suffers a sprained wrist. These injuries occurred off-the-job. If similar injuries had occurred while in the restaurant or driving a truck, they would have been on-the-job injuries. If the cook and the truck driver had been retired, then the injuries would have been neither on-the-job nor off-the-job because the people were not employed. They would have been classified and nonwork injuries. Off-the-job injuries are of concern to employers because NSC statistics show that for each on-the-job death due to unintentional injuries there are about tweleve off-the-job deaths of workers due to unintentional injuries. And for each on-the-job injury involving lost time there are about three off-the-job injuries. There are about six times as many days lost from work due to off-the-job injuries as for on-the-job. Employers have to deal with the same disruptions to production and work schedules whether the injury occurred at work or away from work. See page 56 of the 2010 edition of Injury Facts®. for more statistics on off-the-job injuries and comparisons to on-the job injuries.
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According to the Council's Guide to Determine Motor Vehicle Accident Preventability, the definition is: A preventable accident is one in which the driver failed to do everything that reasonably could have been done to avoid the accident. In other words, when a driver commits errors and/or fails to react reasonably to the errors of others, the council considers an accident to be preventable. When a driver commits no errors and reacts reasonably to the errors of others, the council considers the accident to be nonpreventable. Decisions on preventability should be made in accordance with the procedures outlined in the Guide, which contains guidelines for preventability of specific types of accidents and many case studies.
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The National Safety Council makes estimates of the number of traffic fatalities that could occur over selected holiday periods in order to illustrate the risks of holiday highway travel. The estimates are not meant to scare people into staying off the roads, rather to make them informed of the risks so that they can be prepared. The number of holiday related motor-vehicle deaths from 2003 through 2008 is available in the 2010 edition of Injury Facts®.
The National Safety Council will issue estimates of the number of traffic fatalities that could occur over the following holiday periods. The estimate will be released about one to two weeks before the holiday period begins.
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New Year's Day (2010) |
Begins |
6:00 p.m., Thursday, December 31, 2009 |
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Ends |
11:59 p.m., Sunday, January 3, 2010 |
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Memorial Day* |
Begins |
6:00 p.m., Friday, May 28 |
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Ends |
11:59 p.m., Monday, May 31 |
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Independence Day |
Begins |
6:00 p.m., Friday, July 2 |
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Ends |
11:59 p.m., Monday, July 5 |
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Labor Day** |
Begins |
6:00 p.m., Friday, September 3 |
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Ends |
11:59 p.m., Monday, September 6 |
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Thanksgiving Day*** |
Begins |
6:00 p.m., Wednesday, November 24 |
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Ends |
11:59 p.m., Sunday, November 28 |
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Christmas Day |
Begins |
6:00 p.m., Thursday, December 23 |
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Ends |
11:59 p.m., Sunday, December 26 |
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New Year's Day (2011) |
Begins |
6:00 p.m., Thursday, December 30, 2010 |
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Ends |
11:59 p.m., Sunday, January 2, 2011 |
* Observed on the last Monday in May.
** Observed on the first Monday in September.
*** Observed on the fourth Thursday in November.
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Injury Facts® compares four modes of transportation: scheduled airlines, railroad passenger trains (including Amtrak and commutation), buses, and passenger automobiles (excluding vans and pickup trucks). In general, buses, trains and airlines have much lower death rates than automobiles when the risk is expressed as passenger deaths per passenger mile of travel. (Automobile drivers are considered passengers but operators and crew of planes, trains and buses are not.) In 2007, the passenger death rate in automobiles was 0.61 per 100 million passenger-miles. The rates for buses, trains and airlines were 0.03, 0.03, and 0.00 respectively.
See page 144 in the 2010 edition of Injury Facts®.
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See What are the Odds of Dying? for a brief summary of the the approximate annual and lifetime odds of dying from various unintentional-injury events. The one-year odds of dying ranged from about 1 in 6,000 in a transportation accident to about 1 in 75,000,000 from a spider bite. Lifetime odds of dying from any unintentional cause are about 1 in 32.
For a complete listing of both the one year odds and lifetime odds of dying pelase see pages 34 through 37 of the 2010 edition of Injury Facts®.
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How many children are killed by guns is a complicated question. The answer depends on a number of factors, including age range, and whether homicide, suicide and/or unintentional-injuries are included in the figure. If the age range is 0-19 years, and homicide, suicide, and unintentional injuries are included, then the total firearms-related deaths for 2006 is 3,218 . This is equivalent to nearly 9 deaths per day, a figure commonly used by journalists. The 3,142 firearms-related deaths for age group 0-19 breaks down to 154 unintentional, 763 suicides, and 2,225 homicides, 42 for which the intent could not be determined, and 34 due to legal intervention. Viewed by age group, 63 of the total firearms-related deaths were of children under 5-years-old, 346 were children 5-14 years old, and 2,809 were 15-19 years old.
See page 143 of the 2010 edition of Injury Facts®.
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As shown on page 21 of Injury Facts®. 2010 Edition, several unintentional-injury events have seasonal patterns. Drowning deaths show a strong seasonal pattern - high in the summer, low in winter. Deaths from fires and flames show an equally strong but opposite seasonal pattern low in summer, high in winter. Motor-vehicle crash deaths also have a pattern. (See page 116).
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